22/01/2014

Huxley and the Agile Democracy

You've surely read Brave New World, but do you know about Brave New World Revisited published 27 years later? Here is how this content is related to the Agile Democracy (special mention to Michael Krieger).


"Under a dictatorship the Big Business, made possible by advancing technology and the consequent ruin of Little Business, is controlled by the State -that is to say, by a small group of party leaders and the soldiers, policemen and civil servants who carry out their orders. 
...
It is in the social sphere, in the realm of politics and economics, that the Will to Order becomes really dangerous. Here the theoretical reduction of unmanageable multiplicity to comprehensible unity becomes the practical reduction of human diversity to subhuman uniformity, of freedom to servitude. 
In politics the equivalent of a fully developed scientific theory or philosophical system is a totalitarian dictatorship. 
In economics, the equivalent of a beautifully composed work of art is the smoothly running factory in which the workers are perfectly adjusted to the machines. 
The Will to Order can make tyrants out of those who merely aspire to clear up a mess. The beauty of tidiness is used as a justification for despotism.

Organization is indispensable; for liberty arises and has meaning only within a self-regulating community of freely cooperating individuals. But, though indispensable, organization can also be fatal. Too much organization transforms men and women into automata, suffocates the creative spirit and abolishes the very possibility of freedom.
...
However hard they try, men cannot create a social organism, they can only create an organization. In the process of trying to create an organism they will merely create a totalitarian despotism.
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Given a fair chance, human beings can govern themselves, and govern themselves better, though perhaps with less mechanical efficiency, than they can be governed by “authorities independent of their will”. Given a fair chance, I repeat; for the fair chance is an indispensable prerequisite. No people that passes abruptly from a state of subservience under the rule of a despot to the completely unfamiliar state of political independence can be said to have a fair chance of making democratic institutions work.
...
“[Political] parties,” we were told in 1956 by the editor of a leading business journal, “will merchandize their candidates and issues by the same methods that business had developed to sell goods. These include scientific selection of appeals and planned repetition"…The political merchandisers appeal only to the weakness of voters, never to their potential strength. They make no attempt to educate the masses into becoming fit for self-government, they are content merely to manipulate and exploit them.
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Freedom is therefore a great good, tolerance a great virtue and regimentation a great misfortune.

The genetic standardization of individuals is still impossible; but Big Government and Big Business already posses, or will very soon possess, all the techniques for mind-manipulation described in Brave New World, along with others of which I was too unimaginative to dream. Lacking the ability to impose genetic uniformity upon embryos, the rulers of tomorrow’s over-populated and over-organized world will try to impose social and cultural uniformity upon adults and their children. To achieve this end, the will (unless prevented) make use of all the mind-manipulating techniques at their disposal and will not hesitate to reinforce these methods of non-rational persuasion by economic coercion and threats of physical violence. If this kind of tyranny is to be avoided, we must begin without delay to educate ourselves and of children for freedom and self-government.
...
Under the relentless thrust of accelerating over-population and increasing over-organization, and by means of ever more effective methods of mind-manipulation, the democracies will change their nature; the quaint old forms —elections, parliaments, Supreme Courts and all the rest— will remain. The underlying substance will be a new kind of non-violent totalitarianism. All the traditional names, all the hallowed slogans will remain exactly what they were in the good old days. Democracy and freedom will be the theme of every broadcast and editorial —but Democracy and freedom in a strictly Pickwickian sense. Meanwhile the ruling oligarchy and its highly trained elite of soldiers, policemen, thought-manufacturers and mind-manipulators will quietly run the show as they see fit.

Or take the right to vote. In principle, it is a great privilege. In practice, as recent history has repeatedly shown, the right to vote, by itself, is no guarantee of liberty.Therefore, if you wish to avoid dictatorship by referendum, break up modern society’s merely functional collectives into self-governing, voluntarily co-operating groups, capable of functioning outside the bureaucratic systems of Big Business and Big Government."

(A. Huxley, 1894 – 1963 ; Brave New World Revisited, 1958)
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In short: the Manifesto for Agile Democracy is an innovative proposition for such self-governing, voluntarily co-operating groups.

14/01/2014

Le peuple assemblé


"... la défiance à l’égard du politique (et non pas de LA politique) n’a jamais été aussi forte avec 87 % des personnes interrogées jugeant que les responsables politiques ne se préoccupent peu ou pas du tout de leur avis (+ 6 points);

la figure du maire se redresse depuis 2010, inspirant majoritairement confiance (61 %); 

mais, et c’est le plus grave pour la cohésion sociale et les élections à venir, les Français estimaient en 2009 à 50 % que la démocratie fonctionnait. Aujourd’hui, ils ne sont plus que 30 %; 

quand 69 % - en hausse de 21 points - jugent que la démocratie ne fonctionne plus."

Source: Les Echos

Bien davantage qu'une autre politique, ce sondage montre que les Français recherchent confusément une autre façon de se gouverner, une autre façon de créer entre eux et pour eux un liant démocratique. 
Le malaise provient du fait c'est seuls un nombre infime d'élus ont compris que c'était leur devoir de les aider dans ce nouveau sens, dans la redéfinition de leur propre rôle d'acteur politique.
C'est ce malaise croissant qu'exploitent à bon compte les politiciens et démagogues. 

C'est ce qui justifie notre engagement pour l'esprit du peuple assemblé.

03/01/2014

Démocratie : histoire d'un malentendu

Pour Francis Dupuis-Déri (dont nous avions mentionné la notion d'agoraphobie politique dans cet article récent de Conscience Sociale), la démocratie n'est pas celle que l'on croit et son histoire est encore plus méconnue. Détestée et ridiculisée pendant des siècles par les élites, la démocratie était vue comme le pire des régimes pendant des générations en Occident. Dans son livre "Démocratie. Histoire politique d'un mot" (Lux éditeur, 2013), le professeur au Département de science politique de l'UQAM conclut avec fracas : le Canada n'est pas une démocratie et ne l'a jamais été.

Il nous résume sa recherche historique dans cet entretien:


On pourra tracer un parallèle à partir de l'origine de la pensée qui m'a conduit à publier le Manifeste pour le Développement Agile de la Démocratie fin 2011.

Et on écoutera aussi cette interview de Chouard et le débat avec Rocard exactement sur ce thème.